As the UK Government publishes the latest data on consumption-based emissions, we explain how they are measured and what they mean in the context of the UK’s net zero targets. We also explore potential factors driving recent changes and consider how policies that address consumption-based emissions and energy demand can help reduce overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recent research also suggests that such measures are popular with the public, and that they can support in the delivery of a range of wider objectives, including energy security, public health and wellbeing.
This publication serves as an evidence briefing alongside the release of the 2026 update to Carbon Footprint for the UK and England to 2023.